Isahar

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**Annotated Bibliography**
**1)**

[[file:abstinence vs comprehention.pdf]]
Lerner, Sharon. "Abstinence-Only vs. Comprehensive Sex Education." //Teens and Sex//. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Contemporary Issues Companion. //Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context//. Web. 24 Mar. 2011

The article was about a small mid-western town in Oseo, Minnesota that was split in two in result of contrary points of view about the way the schools taught sex-ed. The mother of Ashley Gort began to argue the sex-education courses when her daughter was to begin learning the definition of sexual intercourse in her fifth grade class. Thinking that it was too early for her daughter to begin learning about sex-ed she fought for a compromise. The compromise was to have two different high school sex-ed courses. One being the all-abstinence course and the other being the regular sex-ed class. The divided classes divided the town to the people that wanted to teach their kids "the right values" and from those parents that wanted to teach their kids about "safe sex". Many parents argued about how the regular sex-ed classes were encouraging the students to have sex by describing to them the different methods of contraception, and by passing out free condoms and birth control. Other parents argued that they would rather make sure their kids were using protection then to believe that their teenagers were actually practising abstinence. They were also against paying more tax to have two sex-ed classes in school.

**2)**

Mary Rogers Gillmore, et al. "The Opposite of Sex? Adolescents’ Thoughts About Abstinence and Sex, and Their Sexual Behavior." //Perspectives on Sexual & Reproductive Health // 40.2 (2008): 87-93.//Academic Search Premier //. EBSCO. Web. 27 Mar. 2011

The article was about the a research that the Teens Take Charge program conducted to see teenagers perspectives on both abstinence and sex. It talked about how a teenagers sexual interest is based on values, norms and sex cognitions. It also mentions positive benefits and negative outcomes of both abstinent and sex educational approaches. The main question being asked is WHY teenager have sex. The article explains how it would be better if there was a better understandment of the teenagers perspective of the approaches. Most of the research is about how most abstinent and sexual intentions do not usually predict the behaviors. The results of the tests show that abstinent cognitions can be poor predictor about sexual behaviors then sex cognitions. Or better yet, that simply knowing about sex or about abstinent does not usually mean that is will effect teens sexual or abstinent behavers. It the results also showed that most adolescence do not see the one approach as a contract to the other.

**3)**

Vu, Pauline. "Sex ed landscape shifting in states." //Contemporary Sexuality // 41.8 (2007): 5. //MasterFILE Premier //. EBSCO. Web. 28 Mar. 2011.

This article is about weather or not abstinent-only programs are informing their students correctly. Those on the comprehensive sex-ed programs are gaining victory by pushing the state government to enforce a law that requires middle and high schools to teach comprehensive sex-ed courses. Studies to back up these laws show that abstinence only-courses are not helping lowering the rates of kids having premature sex. However it does not prove that the courses are not having any sort of effect. Most of the attacks toward the abstinence-only classes are based on the idea that those student are not learning any sort of sex safety procedures such as waring a condom or taking birth control. However another study has shown that students taking the abstinence-only classes are not less likely to use any sex safety procedures.

**4)**

Kaplan, D.A., and K. Springen. "A battle over teaching sex ed." //Newsweek // 117.24 (1991): 69.//MasterFILE Premier //. EBSCO. Web. 28 Mar. 2011.

A short article with a huge example about the controversy of the sex-comprehension and abstinence-only courses taught at school. The article tells us about a serten book called "SEx REspect" by Kelly Mast who pushes the importance of abstinence in a sertaain point of view. The book is an example of the stereotypical point of view that many people have of the abstinent style choice. The book refers to boys being "sexual aggressors" and girls as "virginity protectors" it also relates to AIDS being a "statement on sexual behavior," or to say that AIDS is a sort of punishment. Even thou the book has a very defined and strong point of view against teen sex. However it is good to know that their is no law against teaching sex-ed courses from ones own perspective. The article was written to emphasis the exaggeration that abstinent- only courses are.


 * 5) **

Elliott, Emma. "Abstinence Sex Education Reduces Teen Sexual Activity." //Teens at Risk//. Ed. Auriana Ojeda. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Opposing Viewpoints. //Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context//. Web. 31 Mar. 2011

This article written by Emma Elliot is against "safe-sex" educational classes and is defending the abstinence point of view. It contains mostly all the critical claims that both sides have made. This is in a pro abstinent point of view. It is important to also understand both sides of the conflict and this artical defends one and also points out flaws in its own point of view. One of the most important idea that stuck out to me was the conflict with the "combined" sex-ed and abstinence course. Elliot is right about the mixed message a class like that would send to its students by teaching abstinence and also passing out free condoms. Another point that has stuck out to me was the fact that the "everyones doing it" message has spreed to many teens. Researchers have shown that "53 percent of high school students reported never having had sex". This fact is not well known to many student and it also is not the fault of ether those for or against the sex-ed classes. It would be a greater difference if that message was sent to all student no matter what class they chose to be in.

**6)** Caplan, Arthur. "Abstinence Sex Education Does Not Reduce Teen Sexual Activity." //Teens at Risk//. Ed. Auriana Ojeda. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Opposing Viewpoints. //Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context//. Web. 1 Apr. 2011.

-The people sending the message almost never lived up to it in their own lives and nothing turns a kid off like hypocrisy -There is no evidence at all that telling kids not to fool around has any more impact when the message is promoted by schools than it does when parents say the same thing at home -Science and common sense, not wishful thinking and hypocrisy, should guide what we teach kids about sex

The article was from the point of view of Aurthur Caplan, who defends the comprehension sex-ed classes and writes about how abstinence has no effect and is basically pointless. Some of the point made by Caplan are about how abstinence send of mixed messages and how the parents and teachers sending these messages could not live up to their only lessons. That is a huge problem because it causes hypocrisy. What I noticed was that the research they mentions was the same stated in others, that abstinence only do not actually prevent teenagers as much as normal sex-ed classes. the main idea was that parent and educators should use comment sense to teach teens about sex and not just wishful thinking. Most parent want to believe that their kid is NOT sexually active, however Caplan believes that teens will be sexually active even if we want them to be or not. He believes that the only proper way to teach sex-ed is to teach them "scientifically".

**7)**



Gough, Russell W. "Studies Comparing Sex Education and Abstinence-Only Programs Are Inconclusive." //Teenage Sexuality//. Ed. Tamara L. Roleff. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2001. Opposing Viewpoints. //Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context//. Web. 1 Apr. 2011.

-It makes no small difference how researchers (much less policymakers and political activists) define theconcept of "effectiveness." -both safe-sex and abstinence-only activists (to the chagrin of researchers) have drawn—andpublicized—misleading or inaccurate conclusions from the research Kirby and his colleagues conducted -Thus, it was argued,allocating such a large sum of money to such dubious educational programs is scientifically unfounded atbest and irresponsibly wasteful at worst. the critics added, in a significant number of cases it is highly unrealistic to expect teenagers topractice abstinence

This article answers, or at least tries to answer one main question. Which approach is more effective? Both abstinence-only and sex-comprehension course fight their side using statistics and try to prove their own point as more effective then the other. However this article explains otherwise. Neither side has any scientific prof that their approach is any better then the other one. It says that "b oth safe-sex and abstinence-only activists (to the chagrin of researchers) have drawn and publicized misleading or inaccurate conclusions from the research Kirby and his colleagues  conducted." It has been proven that abstinence-only classes did not help decrease the rate of sexually active teens, but has also not proven that teens taking these classes are less likely to use condoms or any sort of "sex-safety" regulations. On the other side, the sex-ed classes has not made much of a difference ether, There are still no studies that prove that sex-ed class prevent STD s or AIDS any better. There is also no prof that sex-ed classes have effected the increase of sexually active teens.

**8)**



Abstinence Education Is to Blame for Rising Teen Birth Rates." //Teen Pregnancy and Parenting//. Lisa Frohnapfel-Krueger. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Current Controversies. //Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context//. Web. 12 Apr. 2011. - students end up learning one-sided and sometimes incorrect information

The article emphasized on the effect of the lack of sex education on teenagers. Their main idea was how student taking abstinence-only classes are learning only one side and are not receiving the correct information that is need to prevent teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Unlike other articles, this one actually talks about how students taking abstinence only classes are "significantly less likely to use birth control, especially condoms, when they did have sex". the article notes several mistakes and negative states from the abstinence-only classes. They do mention that sex-comprehension classes that enforces abstinence and still teach regular sex-ed show more likely to have more positive outcomes.


 * 9) **

__ **Library Book Source** __ **The Purity Code: God's Plan for Sex and Your Body**

Burns, Jim. //The Purity Code: God's Plan for Sex and Your Body.//11400 Hampshire Ave South Bloomington, Minnesota 55438: Bethany House Publishers, 2008. The book by Jim Burns is all about the all abstinece bible or chirstion point of view. It is a very a strong and clear message they whant to put out to the readers

**10)** __ **Library Book Source** __ **Every Young Woman's Battle: Guarding Your Mind, Heart and Body in a Sex-Saturated World**

Ethridge, Shannon/ Arterburn, Stephen. //Every Young Woman's Battle: Guarding Your Mind, Heart and Body in a Sex-Saturated World.// 12265 Oracle Boulevard, Suite 200 Colorado Springs, CO 80921: WaterBrook Press,2004.


 * 11) **

__ **Library Book Source** __ **Every Young Man's Battle: Strategies for Victory in the Real World of Sexual Temptaion** Ethridge, Shannon/ Arterburn, Stephen. //Every Young Man's Battle:Strategies for Victory in the Real World of Sexual Temptaion// 12265 Oracle Boulevard, Suite 200 Colorado Springs, CO 80921: WaterBrook Press,2002.


 * 12) **

Rose, Susan. "Going Too Far? Sex, Sin and Social Policy." //Social Forces// 84.2 (2005): 1207-1232. //Academic Search Premier//. EBSCO. Web. 15 Apr. 2011.

The article from Susan Rose, compares the different reaction from student that take sex education classes, abstinence classes, and those that not have had the education at all. She compares the effectiveness of each perspective and the reaction from students. The article talks about how the abstinence class show ""weak evidence" for delaying sex" and how the comprehensive classes and programs showed more potential for improvement of use of condoms and other safe sex routines. However, neither program showed much improvement on preventing teen sexual activities.

13)



Sharon, Jayson. "Today's Topic: Sex Education." USA Today//Middle Search Plus//.

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3/11/11
1) -"Research isnt't just for profesors and graduate students. It is the key to good decision and organizational effectiveness."  -"the ability to obtain and use information wisely will be the driven force behind the information age."  -"the purpose of research is to answer questions-to advance knowledge."

"Business Research: An Informal Guide". Google. Web. March 11, 2011

2) []  -"analytical abilities in the students"  -"if he or she has the correct communication and observing skills"  no citations

3) []

-"Contrary to student opinion, the Internet does not encompass all the world's knowledge, nor is it likely to do so in the future. Students must learn to use specialized research tools and to approach all information sources with a critical eye."

Barbara Quarton. "Journal of Instructional Psychology", Research Skills and the New Undergraduate Vol. 30, 2003: Web. March 11, 2011

Response: Researching about research was hard because I did not manage to find articles in any reliable database. However I did find a few on the web, which made me ask: "Is there a possible way to get reliable information strait of the web instead of databases?" I think that was the most important question I discovered from this activity. Besides that, the articles I read did have a few interesting ideas. I first understand how research skills helps students in general. From the "Business Research: An Informal Guide" I learned that research skills are not only used in school, but in daily lives it says, "the purpose of research is to answer questions-to advance knowledge." One of the examples of how research was used in our daily lives was when a person does research before buying a car or a house. That enforces their most important opinion "It is the key to good decision and organizational effectiveness". The second article, also pushed that key opinion, their point was that research strengthens " analytical abilities in the students". Which is both important for life skills and career opportunities. The last article made a good point on how students these days do not understand that the internet does not have all the answers. There main point was "s <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal;">tudents must learn to use specialized research tools and to approach all information sources with a critical eye." All these ideas are based on how research skills builds good decisions and observational skills that are vital to our every day lives.

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World Focus Is Gaining Favor in High Schools->con
This article is mainly defending it point of view of the International Baccalaureate program from critics. Even though it is a pro-article, it does consist of negative comments and point of views from the IB critics. Most of the critics highlight the exaggerated cost of the program in public schools and how rigorous the classes really are. Comments are made implying how students have a low chance to graduating with an IB diploma, "15 kids would get a I.B. diploma in two years". Their is even a mention of a Web site that is used as a clearinghouse or opponents views.



A Global Test Gains Ground; The rigorous International Baccalaureate is rapidly growing in popularity in schools across the country-->pro
This article talks about how successful the IB program is to many schools, and how it has changed many public schools in the world. It also talks about how the International Baccalaureate program was designed for student to pursue a more international educational approach after World War 2. The article highlights the successful expansion of the program and how rigorous the IB classes and exams are. They also highlight that the program is mainly for the students that want to challenge themselves academically. Positive comments such as "small classes and challenging work helped her gain confidence" are said about the effects that the program has on students how decide to take the IB classes.

Response:
I checked out the Website "truthaboutib.com" that was mentioned on the "World Focus Is Gaining Favor in High Schools" articles to get a better understanding of the opponent's vie point. Honestly, most comments seem to come from simple minded people that only complained about the high cost of the program and the fear that the education is "anti-American". I really liked a comment that someone posted on the Web site defending the IB program, it says,

"It's sad when people are afraid of education. How cowardly and ignorant. I'm going to begin my IB courses next year. The majority of my class is enrolled in the IB programme. We are the Honors kids that are involved in the community, we are individuals, we are intelligent and we are creative. We are the generation that will be taking care of your kind when you're old and dependent on us. We are the generation ready to learn through new innovative ways. Move aside." ~ No name, no return address

I do agree that the program can change and improve a student's education. I learned that the IB program is great for these students that wish to expand and challenge themselves, I agree with the quote "because it is so rigorous, the I.B. is not for everyone" (World Focus Is Gaining Favor in High Schools) because the IB program requires the students to be completely dedicated and enthusiastic. However, It is true that most pro-article do not exactly highlight the prices. In the "A Global Test Gains Ground" articles, the only mention of the funding was, "Some critics complain about the cost. IB charges every school $8,000 a year as a base fee, no matter its size. There are extra costs for the exams and teacher training. In a few places, like Upper St. Clair, Pa.,". Compared to the first article that states, "the organization charges $10,000 a year per school, $141 per student and $96 per exam" it seems that those that are pro-IB try not to mention the cost too much.

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Response to "Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest"
The article started with a background summery of Wilds previous works and how they related to a common theme. I had not noticed the child abuse theme in the play "The Importance of Begin Earnest" the first time I read it. The theme is definitely "buried deep below the surface". Nassaar statement that Wild "reduces the major events and themes of his earlier works to absurdity" surprised me because I did not know that Wields works had "major events" that were caused by child abuse. The reason why "The Importance of Begin Earnest" is so hysterical is because he uses the child abuse theme in an "extremely ridiculous, nonsensical manner". I found it interesting how Wield is able to compose such an amusing story after using the same theme seriously in his previous works. I also find it amusing that he can switch the idea of child abuse from the play to be looked as a sort of blessing. I agree that the play is a "message" stating that everything, including the cruelty of child abuse, can be changed to become "laughable nonsense". It only take a different perspective or point of view to see the funny or the good in a bad situation.

Word Count= 204

Nassaar, Christopher. "Wilde's The importance of Being Earnest." //The Explicator// 60.2 (2002): 78+. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 18 Feb. 2011. ==

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[[file:abstinence vs comprehention.pdf]]
Summary The article was about a small mid-western town in Oseo, Minnesota that was split in two in result of contrary points of view about the way the schools taught sex-ed. The mother of Ashley Gort began to argue the sex-education courses when her daughter was to begin learning the definition of sexual intercourse in her fifth grade class. Thinking that it was too early for her daughter to begin learning about sex-ed she fought for a compromise. The compromise was to have two different high school sex-ed courses. One being the all-abstinence course and the other being the regular sex-ed class. The divided classes divided the town to the people that wanted to teach their kids "the right values" and from those parents that wanted to teach their kids about "safe sex". Many parents argued about how the regular sex-ed classes were encouraging the students to have sex by describing to them the different methods of contraception, and by passing out free condoms and birth control. Other parents argued that they would rather make sure their kids were using protection then to believe that their teenagers were actually practising abstinence. They were also against paying more tax to have two sex-ed classes in school. ==

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College Student Research Interview
Interview with VIctor Becerra

1) How many pages is expected for a research paper? - "It mostly depends on the teacher, but its averagely 2 or more. The longest papers that I have done were 15-17 pages."

2) How much time is given to complete a paper? - "Again it depends on the teacher, but usually about a week."

3) What format is usually used? -"Both MLA and APA."

4) What sources are most helpful? -"Gale or EBSCO and books from the library "

5) What is the best way to handle a huge research paper assignment? - "Once you have your topic begin by ask questions, or make ideas or thesis statements about your topic,  then do the research by finding sources to back up your ideas."

Response:
In this interview,﻿ Victor stressed to me that it is important to know what your profesor is asking from you. Differente profesors are going to ask for different formats so it is important to learn both ﻿﻿﻿ MLA and APA. I also learned not to be intimidated with the number of pages that are requiered when given a research assingmnet, just as long as you learn your topic well and have enough sorces to support your thesis. Longer papers will be given more time to complite however its important to mesure your time well when acually doing the reseach and writting the paper.

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Response to "Representing Ophelia: Women, Madness, and the Responsibilities of Feminist Criticism"
Elaine Showalter made an interesting points when connecting the relationship between the characteristics of Hamlet and Ophelia based on the color of their clothes. She says, "Ophelia's virginal and vacant white is contrasted with Hamlet's scholar's garb, his 'suits of solemn black.' ". I think that both characters are parallel to each other because of their opposite colors and also because of their opposite forms of lunacy. Ophelia's madness could be confused with an emotional overload which was a result of a broken heart, confusion, and the death of her father. "Ophelia breaks down because she fails in the female developmental task of shifting her sexual attachment from her father 'to a man who can bring her fulfillment as a woman'." Her intentions were innocent compared to Hamlet. She was, like the color that she wore, " a blank page to be written over or on by the male imagination". The article also states, "She may seem 'innocent' and docile, but she is very aware of her body." I agree with this statement because I believe her overload of emotion, or madness lead her to be suicidal. In this part she contrasts Hamlet again because she did not doubt her actions or questioned death, as did Hamlet, and drowned herself. Thus allowing readers to interpret the play "as two parallel male and female psychodramas".

Word Count= 223

Showalter, Elaine. "Representing Ophelia: Women, Madness, and the Responsibilities of Feminist Criticism." //EXPLORING Shakespeare//. Detroit: Gale, 2003. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 4 Feb. 2011.

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__Things I Might Want to Reserch__

 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Suicide
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">How dose teen suicide affects other students?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Causes for teen suicide.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Death Penalty
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">When is it necessary?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Is it wrong?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Should it be encouraged?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">"The Joy of Teen Sex"
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Is it influencing students to have sex at a young age?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Against "the joy of teen sex"
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">How this show effect those that are influenced
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">What values are being taught with this show?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Is their a better alternative to this show?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Is it right for parents to encourage shows like this one?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Music
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Dose music actually have an influence on teens?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">What does the type of music you listen to say about your personality?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Does music effect teens?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Can it cause suicide, homicide etc.?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Alcohol
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Effects on teens.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Effects on the family of an alcoholic.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Society
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">How does cell phone effect our society today?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">How has internet effect society?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">How has sex changed society?

I dont know exactly which one I like best, top choices are te ones that involve teen sex and suicide. I dont know what research method I should use, but Im thinking its MLA. (i could be wrong)